纳米技术的研究现状与将来

纳米科学技术将成为２１世纪最重要的高技术之一。纳米技术的最终目标是直接操纵单个原子和分子，制造量子功能器件，从而开拓人类崭新的生产生活模式。文章评述利用电子束、离子束的精细技术和ＳＴＭ原子操纵技术的研究现状，介绍原子层蚀刻，单层抗蚀剂自形成蚀刻，纳米自然蚀刻和电子束全息纳米蚀刻等高技术前沿动态，展望纳米技术的发展前景。     

不同粘弹性驱替液下毛管数对驱油效果的影响

通过在微亲水人造岩心上开展的室内驱油物理模拟试验,探讨了毛管数对不同粘弹性聚合物溶液驱油效率及残余油饱和度的影响.同时,在相同毛管数条件下,研究了不同粘弹性聚合物溶液对其驱油效率及残余油饱和度的影响,得到了不同粘弹性条件下毛管数与驱油效率关系的一族曲线;比较系统地研究了不同粘弹性聚合物溶液下毛管数对驱油效率及残余油饱和度的影响规律,即在毛管数相同的条件下,聚合物溶液的粘弹性越高,体系的采收率越高,残余油饱和度越低,说明了聚合物溶液的弹性也是影响其提高采收率、降低残余油饱和度的重要因素.对进一步深入研究聚合物驱油机理和现场作业具有行重要指导意义.     

通过室内实验及同位素测井技术评价高分子聚合物驱油效果

2500万超高分聚合物室内驱油实验研究了聚合物分子量、浓度、粘度、聚用量、段塞组合等各项性能指标对驱油效果的影响。本文根据室内实验结果,在北一区断西注聚后期开展矿场试验,取得了较好的开发效果。试验前后对比,注入粘度明显增大,月含水上升速度得到有效控制,吸入剖面有了新的动用,有63.1%的油井出现了明显的二次受效特征,取得了显著的经济效益。同时对驱油效果进行系统分析。驱油效果表明:应用2500万超高分聚合物是进一步提高聚驱采收率的有效途径。     

孤岛原油正庚烷和正戊烷沥青质乳化能力研究

从孤岛原油中分离出正戊烷和正庚烷沥青质，元素分析和红外光谱分析结果表明，相对分子质量较大的正庚烷沥青质，含杂原子和极性基团较多。将两种沥青质溶于甲苯配制的模型油，分别与蒸馏水、模拟地层水、0～900mg／LHPAM溶液、0～500mg／L黏土液按1：10体积比充分乳化，测定静置时水相（水包油乳状液）透光率，据以考察沥青质的乳化能力，结果表明：正庚烷沥青质的乳化能力强于正戊烷沥青质；矿化离子使沥青质的乳化能力减弱；随聚合物浓度增大，沥青质乳化能力增强；黏土在浓度小于200mg／L时使乳化能力减弱，浓度大于200mg／L时使乳化能力增强。模型油与HPAM溶液间的界面张力，在聚合物浓度100mg／L时有最小值，在500mg／L时有最大值，正庚烷沥青质模型油的界面张力随聚合物浓度的变化较剧烈。正庚烷模型油在聚合物溶液中的乳化油滴直径分布范围较正戊烷模型油窄，聚合物浓度较大时，油滴直径分布范围较宽。正庚烷沥青质模型油与黏土液闸的界面张力，在黏土液浓度增至300mg／L时略有升高，浓度继续增大时大幅升高，而正戊烷模型油的界面张力在黏土液浓度300mg／L时有最低值。图9表3参7。     

中原油田水平井钻井液技术

根据中原油田地层高温、高盐、易塌、易漏失及水平井的特点,优选了适用于水平井的强抑制强封堵聚合物钻井液体系,并进行了现场应用.室内实验结果表明,优选的强抑制强封堵聚合物钻井液具有良好的井眼净化、摩阻控制、井壁稳定及油层保护等性能.现场应用时能满足钻井、录井、测井的需要,钻井施工顺利,取得了良好的经济和社会效益.     

Polymer-Modified Bitumen Using Ethylene Terpolymers

Polymer modified bitumen (PMB) is used in various construction applications, especially in motorways. The aim of this study is to improve features of 60/70 penetration grade, modified bitumen used on highways. Increasing the sensitivity to temperature and oxidation resistance are very important points for the modified bitumen. This condition was provided by reacting the carboxylic acid groups in asphaltene with the reactive ethylene terpolymer to form ester. Reactive ethylene terpolymer (RETP) and ethylene terpolymer (ETP) manufactured by DuPont USA were used as additives in this study. Infrared Spectrophotometer (IR) graphics and optical pictures of the modified bitumen have been examined. It has been observed that the softening point has increased on the other hand, the penetration and ductility values have decreased according to the test results.     

Novel one-step route for synthesizing sub-micrometer PSt hollow spheres via redox interfacial-initiated method in inversed emulsion

Interfacial-initiated polymerization of styrene (St) was carried out in inversed emulsion with cumene hydroperoxide (CHPO) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄)/disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaEDTA)/sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (SFS) as the redox initiation system. The water-soluble Fe²⁺-NaEDTA-SFS acted as the reducing component and the oil-soluble CHPO as the oxidant component of the redox initiation system. Therefore, the primary radicals were produced mainly at the oil/water interface to initiate the polymerization of St. Thus, sub-micrometer hollow polystyrene (PSt) spheres were obtained by one-stage polymerization, which was supported by the techniques of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).     

Model for Nanoscopic Domain Formation in Dipalmitoyl-PC/Dilauroyl-PC/Cholesterol Mixture

We describe the lyotropic liquid crystalline phase transitions in the lipid mixture dipalmitoil-PC/dilauroy-PC/cholesterol by 3D spin-1 lattice model. The formation of nanoscale domains with the characteristic size about 300 nm was studied in experiments on confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) (G. V. Feigenson and J. T. Buboltz, Biophys. J. 80, 2775 (2001)). The structure parameters of the lamellar vesicle in dipalmitoil-PC-rich phase, corresponding to these regions, are verified by numerical Monte Carlo simulations on the lattice. We point its superconductivity analogy properties at the region of phase stability for composition-dependent nanoscopic region.     

超支化聚合物的性能、合成及其功能化应用研究

超支化聚合物，具有多端基的“缺陷核壳”空间结构，化学反应性活泼，易于改性，与相应的线型聚合物相比，拥有特殊的性能，在多领域展现出广阔的应用前景。随着合成技术的进步，它们的应用研究，尤其是功能化的应用研究，成为多年来的研究热点。主要介绍超支化聚合物的结构、性能、合成及其功能化应用研究概况。